Gluten-free cakes with walnut flour: a technological,sensory, and microstructural approach

Walnut flour (WF), a by-product of walnut oil production, is characterised by high polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and fibre contents and presents suitability for bakery products. However, when using non-traditional ingredients, it is essential to evaluate the effect on the quality properties of the final product. So, this work aimed to assess the impact of WF on the technological, physicochemical, and sensory properties of gluten-free (GF) cakes. WF was added at a flour blend (cassava (CS) and maize (MS) starches and rice flour) at 0, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results showed that WF modified starch gelatinisation, increased amylose–lipid complex (ALC) content, and made crumbs easier to chew. Besides, the total dietary fibre (TDF) and protein content significantly increased. Cakes with 15% WF presented the highest specific volume (SV) and no differences in overall acceptability with respect to control. Hence, WF is a suitable ingredient for gluten-free bakery products.     

Effects of multiple freeze–thaw cycles on meat quality,nutrients, water distribution and microstructure in bovine rumen smooth muscle

This study investigated the effect of 5 freeze–thaw cycles (freezing at −18°C for 12 h and then thawing at 4°C for approximately 12 h) on the meat quality, proximate composition, water distribution and microstructure of bovine rumen smooth muscle (BSM). As the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased, BSM pH, shear force, water content and protein content decreased by 3.06%, 35.50%, 14.49% and 21.11%, respectively, whereas BSM thawing loss, cooking loss, pressing loss, total aerobic count (TAC), ash content and fat content increased by 108.12%, 47.75%, 78.33%, 90.99%, 105% and 35.20%, respectively. The freeze–thaw cycles resulted in greater protein and lipid oxidation, as evidenced by a 36.46% reduction in the sulfhydryl content and a 209.06% and 338.46% increase in the carbonyl and malondialdehyde contents, respectively. Ice crystal formation disrupted the structural integrity of the muscle tissue. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance results showed that the freeze–thaw cycles prolonged the relaxation times (T_2b, T₂₁ and T₂₂), indicating that immobile water shifted to free water, and consequently, free water mobility increased. After 3 freeze–thaw cycles, the decline in shear force slowed, the increase in thawing loss became accelerated, and the TAC approached the domain value (6 log colony-forming units/g). Therefore, the number of freeze–thaw cycles of smooth muscle during transport, storage and distribution should be controlled to 3 or fewer. The current results provide a theoretical basis and data support for the further utilisation and culinary processing of smooth muscle.     

Coupling Characteristics of a Co-flow Water Mist System and Normal Temperature Counter Air Jets

Fire Technology - A co-flow water mist system is considered a clean and efficient emergency handling measure for preventing and controlling the leakage of hazardous gas. To reveal the coupling...     

汉江上游干支流沉积物细菌群落多样性和影响因素

为了解汉江上游干支流沉积物细菌多样性以及确定性过程和随机性过程在沉积物细菌群落构建过程中的相对重要性,基于Illumina高通量测序技术,分析了环境因子对细菌群落组成的影响,采用非度量多维尺度(NMDS)排序探究了季节之间沉积物细菌群落的差异,并结合中性群落模型和标准化随机率量化了确定性过程和随机过程对群落构建的影响。结果表明:汉江上游及其支流细菌群落主要由变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)等组成；细菌群落在不同季节有显著差异；地理距离和环境因子对细菌群落结构影响较小,确定性过程并未在细菌群落组成中起到主导作用；随机过程很大程度上影响了群落在秋季和春季的组成,是沉积物细菌群落构建的主导因素。     

Improved thermal stability of the near-infrared Al-modulated Zn3Ga2GeO8: Cr3+ phosphors for plant growth applications

The exploration of the high thermal stability near-infrared (NIR) phosphors is significantly crucial for the development of plant lighting. However, NIR phosphors suffer from the poor chemical and thermal stability, which severely limits their long-term operation. Here, the successful improvement of luminous intensity (149.5%) and thermal stability at 423 K of Zn₃Ga₂GeO₈ (ZGGO): Cr³⁺ phosphors is achieved for the introduction of Al³⁺ ions into the host. The release of carriers in deep traps inhibits the emission loss for the thermal disturbance. Furthermore, an NIR light emitting diodes (LEDs) lamp is explored by combining the optimized Zn₃Ga_1.1675Al_0.8GeO₈: 0.0325Cr³⁺ phosphors with a commercial 460 nm blue chip, and the emission band can match well with the absorption bands of photosynthetic pigments and the phytochrome (P_R and P_FR) of plants. The explored LEDs lamp further determines the growth and the pheromone content of the involved plants for the participation of the NIR emission originated from Cr³⁺ ions. Our work provides a promising NIR lamp as plant light with improved thermal stability for long-term operation.     

非离子和阳离子清水剂效果差异研究

针对渤海某稠油油田开展了PDDA类阳离子型清水剂及多乙烯多胺类非离子型清水剂的评价实验，结果表明：由于清水机理的不同，PDDA类清水剂的作用时间明显短于多乙烯多胺类清水剂；PDDA类清水剂产生的污油粘度明显大于多乙烯多胺类清水剂；PDDA类清水剂处理后的污水经剪切后基本无乳化倾向，多乙烯多胺类清水剂处理后的污水经高速剪切后处理效果变差；PDDA类清水剂对原油脱水效果的影响较大，多乙烯多胺类清水剂对原油脱水效果基本无影响。     

GM-CSF及CBS在肝损伤中的研究进展

肝损伤(liver injury)是指基因遗传或外部原因诱发的肝脏功能异常性疾病.临床表现为食欲不振、乏力、恶心、黄疸、疲乏等,严重者将出现肝功能衰竭,致死风险极高.在交通肇事、暴力犯罪及意外事件中,肝由于体积大、位置固定、质地脆弱、血运丰富等原因,往往是最容易发生损伤的器官之一,肝损伤后的死亡率可高达10.5％～25％[1].随着时间的变化,肝损伤的程度、病理改变、GM-CSF等相关细胞因子及CBS等相关酶的表达水平也会进一步变化.肝损伤后,由于肝内部环境稳态的破坏,器官的状态、结构、各种蛋白的转录水平、蛋白及细胞因子的表达变化水平也会发生一定程度的改变.因此定性定量地分析这些变化,找到时间相关性强的特异性指标,对于指导法医学的实践具有重要的作用.因此在法医学鉴定中,通过肝脏损伤及病变程度的改变,明确肝损伤病变与死亡时间的关系有利于判断事件或案件性质,并有助于进一步对责任方的认定.     

化工设备泄漏失效频率修正模型研究

化工设备泄漏失效频率数据对化工企业定量风险评估具有重要意义,但目前国内还没有建立相应数据库,在实际应用过程中往往采用国外的数据.介于工业化水平的差异,直接引用国外的数据不够严谨,因此,选取挪威船级社(DNV)公布的数据库为基础,建立合理的修正模型,从而获得适合我国化工行业的通用设备泄漏失效频率数据库,为定量风险评估及设备泄漏概率预测提供数据支撑.     

碳纤维原丝含油率测试影响因素研究

利用改进的索氏提取回流法测量碳纤维原丝含油率.研究了溶剂回流温度、回流时间、环境湿度对测试结果的影响,结果表明:随着回流温度的提高,2小时内回流清洗效果不断增强,当回流温度大于54℃,次数大于12次,油剂清洗效果基本保持不变.可通过提高回流温度以提高单位时间内的回流次数,优化纤维含油率测试的准确性和测试效率.环境湿度对索氏提取测纤维含油率有显著影响:控制环境湿度在50～52％RH范围内,可将纤维吸潮质量变化控制在纤维质量的0.005％,油剂相对含量的0.2％～0.6％,可将测试稳定差值降低至≤0.05％,测试方法差值<0.1％,满足油剂测试工艺要求.回流时间≥2 h,回流温度≥54℃,测试环境湿度50～52％RH,索氏提取回流法油剂测试误差<0.05％.